VALI

The In Cloud Oxidation Experiment  (VALI) has made use of a single PAM station from November 1987 through September 09 1989  to support field measurements for the study of in-cloud sulphur dioxide oxidation. The station, located on Elk Mountain approximately 80 miles north-west of Laramie, has been used to thermodynamically estimate the cloud base height and evaluate the investigator's plume release experiments. Researchers have also utilized the PAM wind and temperature readings to determine the optimal conditions in which to release tracer gases for dispersion. These studies are significant in their contribution toward quantifying the yields of acid sulfate in orographic clouds and understanding acidic deposition. The PAM station was adapted with a Rotronic humidity sensor to provide data in sub-freezing conditions, as well as an Epply pyranometer. Investigators have routinely accessed the NCAR computer base to recover PAM data via modem from Laramie.