ISFS Sensor List
- Standard ISFS sensors are available for the following measurements:
- 2D and 3D winds
- Water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes by eddy-correlation
- Pressure, temperature, and relative humidity
- Radiation fluxes
- Momentum
- Soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil heat fluxes
- The ISFS sensors are a mix of commercial instruments and in-house developments. Whenever possible, each sensor has a microprocessor that provides sensor output in calibrated engineering units through a serial communications link.
- User-supplied or non-standard sensors can be readily accommodated by ISFS. Power and mounting are provided and the various data streams are easily integrated into the system.
Current ISFS sensors
Sensor | Brand | Parameter | Rate | Quantity |
---|---|---|---|---|
3-D sonic anemometer | Campbell Scientific CSAT3 | u, v, w - m/s; Tv - deg C | 30 sps | 21 |
3-D sonic anemometer | Campbell Scientific CSAT3A | u, v, w - m/s; Tv - deg C | 60 sps | 30 |
3-D sonic anemometer | Campbell Scientific CSAT3B | u, v, w - m/s; Tv - deg C | 10, 20, 50 or 100 sps | 7 |
3-D sonic anemometer | Campbell Scientific CSAT3BH | u, v, w - m/s; Tv - deg C | 10, 20, 50 or 100 sps | 1 |
H2O/CO2 Open-path Gas Analyzer | Campbell Scientific EC150 | H2O/CO2 density - g/m3 | 60 sps | 30 |
2-D sonic anemometer | Gill Instruments Wind Observer | U, V - m/s | 10 sps | 30 |
Temperature/Relative Humidity | NCAR SHT85 in aspirated shield | T - deg C; RH - % | 1 sps | 90 |
Nanobarometer | Paroscientific 6000 | Pressure - mb | 19.8 sps | 30 |
Integrated Net Radiometer | Hukseflux NR01 | Global short/longwave in/out - W/m2 | 0.2 sps | 30 |
Pyranometer | K&Z CM 21 | Global shortwave radiation - W/m2 | 0.2 sps | 8 |
Pyranometer | Eppley PSP | Global shortwave radiation - W/m2 | 0.2 sps | 25 |
Pyrgeometer | K&Z CG 4 | Global longwave radiation - W/m2 | 0.2 sps | 6 |
Pyrgeometer | Eppley PIR | Global longwave radiation - W/m2 | 0.2 sps | 10 |
Pyranometer | SPN1 | Global and Diffuse irradiance - W/m2 | ? | ? |
Soil temperature profile sensor | NCAR Soil Probe | Soil temperature - deg C | 0.2 sps | 31 |
Campbell Scientific Heat flux plate | HFT-3 | Soil heat flux - W/m2 | 0.2 sps | 31 |
Soil moisture | Decagon EC-5 | Soil moisture - % vol | 0.2 sps | 30 |
Soil moisture | TRIME-FM w/P3 and T3 probes | Soil moisture - % vol | manual | 1 |
Soil thermal properties | Hukseflux TP01 | conductivity, diffusivity, heat capacity | 0.2 sps | 31 |
Precipitation/Present Weather | Parsivel2 | Hydrometeor size and velocity distribution & Rain Rate | 0.0167 sps | 30 |
Wetness | Decagon | Qualitative-can deduce type | 0.2 sps | 30 |
ISFS measurement methods in a nutshell
- Flux measurements made by ISFS utilize the eddy-correlation technique. Momentum flux is determined from the covariance between the vertical and horizontal velocity fluctuations measured by the 3-dimensional sonic anemometers. Sensible heat flux is determined from the covariance between measured vertical velocity and temperature fluctuations. Latent heat and carbon dioxide flux is determined from the covariance between measured vertical velocity and humidity or carbon dioxide fluctuations.
- Measurement of fluxes of trace chemical species are obtained from correlating fluctuations from chemical species sensors with those from the ISFS velocity sensors. ISFS has several varieties of CO2 sensors for this purpose. Other chemical species measurements require user-supplied sensors which typically can be readily interfaced to ISFS. In chemical flux determination, delay times through inlet tubes can be measured and compensated for in the processing.
- Tilt corrections for the sonic anemometer are applied in the software. Over uniformly flat terrain, the tilt correction puts the anemometers into a coordinate system parallel to the surface. In complex terrain, signals from two-axis level sensors are used to orient the sonic anemometers to gravity. Note also that the sonic anemometers make a virtual temperature measurement, Tc, reported in degrees Celsius. We maintain software to remove the moisture contribution to Tc from the sensible heat flux computation based on colocated latent heat flux measurements.
- Mean temperature and humidity measurements are made with a commercial solid-state temperature/relative humidity sensor in an aspirated radiation shield developed by us to operate at relatively low power.
- Measurement of the surface energy balance is achieved using up-looking and down-looking pairs of short and long-wave radiometers (either individual component or in an integrated 4-component radiometer) in tandem with soil heat flux plates and soil temperature sensors. Soil heat capacity also is measured to complete the calculation of heat storage above the soil heat flux plates.
Retired ISFS Sensors
Sensor | Brand or Model | Parameter | Rate | # |
---|---|---|---|---|
3-D sonic anemometer | ATI-K | u, v, w - m/s; Tv - deg C | 20 sps | 5 |
3-D sonic anemometer | NCAR NUW | u, v, w - m/s; Tv - deg C | 20 sps | 5 |
3-D sonic anemometer | 1012R2A | u, v, w - m/s; Tv - deg C | 21 sps | 1 |
1-D sonic anemometer | ATI | w - m/s; Tv - deg C | 20 sps | |
Prop-vane anemometer | 9101 | U, V - m/s | 5 sps | 11 |
H2O/CO2 Open-path Gas Analyzer | LI-7500 | H2O/CO2 concentration | 20 sps | 5 |
IR H2O/CO2 analyzer (closed-path) | 7000 | H2O/CO2 concentration | 20 Hz | 1 |
IR CO2 analyzer (closed path) | 6251 | density - gm/m3 | 10 Hz | 1 |
Infrared CO2 analyzer (closed path) | DX6100 | density - gm/m3 | 10 Hz | 1 |
Pressure sensor | PTB100B | Pressure - mb | 1 Hz | 1 |
Pressure sensor | PTB220B | Pressure - mb | 1 Hz | 9 |
Pressure sensor | PTB210 | Pressure - mb | 1 Hz | 30 |
Hygrothermometer | 50Y Humitter | T - deg C; RH -% | 1 Hz | 14 |
Dew Point | Dew point - deg C | 1 Hz | 1 | |
Surface temperature sensor | 4000.4ZL | Surface temperature - deg K | 1 sps | 10 |
Soil temperature sensor | ?? | Soil temperature - deg C | 1 Hz | 12 |
Soil moisture | EC-20 | Soil moisture - % vol | 1 Hz | 10 |
Soil moisture | CS-615 | Soil moisture - % vol | 1 Hz | ~10 |
Net Radiometer | Q*7 | Net radiation - W/m2 | 1 Hz | 19 |
PAR radiometer | Quantum (LI-190SA) | PAR radiation - W/m2 | 1 Hz | 6 |
precipitatio | NOAH II w/ Lexan wind screen | Equivalent water depth - 0.01 inch | events | 3 |
Other sensors that we've used but do not have
Sensor | Brand or Model | Parameter | Rate | # |
---|---|---|---|---|
UV absorption hygrometer | KH20 | vapor density - gm/m3 | 60 sps | 12 |
Soil Temperature sensor | CS107 | soil temperature (C) | 1 Hz | |
Soil Potential sensor | CS229 | soil moisture | 1 Hz | |
Ultraviolet radiometer | TUVR | ultraviolet radiation - W/m2 | 1 Hz | 1 |
Rain gauge (Optical - ORG) | rainfall rate - mm/hr | 1 Hz | 1 | |
Snow depth gauge (Ultrasonic) | SR50 | snow depth - mm | 1 Hz | 1 |
Dual beam ozone analyzer | 49 | O3 - ppb | 1 Hz | 1 |
carbon monoxide analyzer | 48 | CO | 1 Hz | 1 |
condensation nucleus counter | 3760 CNC | condensation nuclei | 1 Hz | 1 |
precipitation | Tipping bucket | Equivalent water depth - 0.01 inch | events | 29 |